العنف تعريفه وانواعه واسبابه وطرق ا

العنف تعريفه وانواعه واسبابه وطرق التدخل

اعداد/عمر شاهين
اخصائي نفسي
تعريف العنف:-
هو كل سلوك معنوي أو مادي يرافقه قوة وإلحاق الأذى بالأخريين وهو آفة اجتماعية سلبية تؤدي إلى نتائج سلبية.
أنواع العنف :-
العنف المادي – الجدي – ضرب وقتل متعمد واستخدام الأدوات القاتلة من أسلحة وما شابة ذلك والضرب بقصد الانتقام والتخريب للممتلكات الخاصة والعامة .
* العنف المعنوي (اللفظي) :-
ويكون وقعة على كرامة الأفراد لمنع الفرد من ممارسة حقه الطبيعي بحرمانه من التعبير عن أفكاره بحرية أو إجباره على اعتناق أفكار الآخرين بالقوة أو حرمانه من أساسيات الحياة.
ومن أشكاله :-
1- العنف اللفظي/ وفيها استخدام عبارات تحقير وحط
2- الإهمال / وهو عدم تلبية رغبات الطفل الأساسية لفترة مستمرة من الزمن .
أسباب العنف:-
أولا :- التشبيه الإجمالي بما تتضمنه كونها تتم في بيئات مختلفة بالأسرة وتنتهي بالمجتمع ومن المظاهر المرتبطة بها:
أ- العنف الأسري :-
1- وهو تعرض الطفل لإهمال شديد من قبل والدية.
2- التمييز بين الذكور والإناث في المعاملة
3- فقدان أحد الأبوين.
4- اعتداء الأخوة الكبار على الصغار
ب- العنف المدرسي :-
وتشهد المدرسة أحيانا تصرفات تنطوي على إيذاء وردود فعل منها:-
1- معاقبة الطالب بإهماله وإيقافه وحجزه
2- إحساس الطلاب بالتمييز من قبل بعض المعلمين
3- شتم الطلاب بألفاظ بذيئة
ج – العامل المترابط بتأثير وسائل الإعلام فوسائل الإعلام تترك أثرا في المشاهدين كمثال ذلك:-
1- مشاهدة أفلام الرعب.
2- مشاهدة صور المتظاهرين بالضرب والتعذيب .
ثانيا:- العامل الاقتصادي ومن مظاهره :-
1- شعور الطالب بالجوع وعدم القدرة على شراء ما يحتاجه.
2- ظروف السكن السيئة كالسكن في المخيمات المزدحمة.
3- عدم حصول الطالب على مصروفه اليومي.
4- حالة الضغط والمعاناة التي يعيشها المعلمون .
ثالثاً :- الوضع السياسي :-
وجعل الواقع الفلسطيني نماذج عدة من الممارسات العنيفة اتجاه الأطفال من جنود الإحلال ومنها :-
1- الممارسات القمعية ضد الأطفال خلال الانتفاضة .
2- هدم المنازل وقلع الأشجار أمام التلاميذ.
3- مداهمات جنود الاحتلال للبيوت وضرب الطلاب.
4- تعرض عدد كبير من الشباب و الأطفال للموت على يد جنود الاحتلال .

رابعاً:- العوامل النفسية ومنها:-
1- التغيرات والاضطرابات التي تحدث أثناء النمو .
2- عدم إشباع رغبات الأطفال ( الألعاب والراحة والاطمئنان والهدوء )
3- استهزاء الطلبة بطالب بسبب حالته .
4- عدم فهم المعلم لمميزات مرحلة معينة للطفل .
نصائح وإرشادات لحد من ظاهرة العنف :-
1- ابتعاد أفراد الأسرة عن ممارسات عنيفة وخاصة ضرب الأطفال.
2- حرص الأبوين على عدم مشاهدة الأطفال ما يدور بينهم من خلاف .
3- اتخاذ بدائل معقولة للعقاب البدني ( كحرمانهم من شيء )
4- ضرورة ابتعاد الأبوين عن تناول المخدرات .
5- السير على الدين الإسلامي وتعليماته والابتعاد عن الاستهزاء من الآخرين .
6- عدم بث وسائل الإعلام للأفلام المرعبة والعنيفة .
7- عدم استعمال العنف اللفظي من قبل المعلمين والطلاب .
8- توفير المدرسة جو من الود والحب بين الطلاب وبين المعلمين من خلال النشاطات واللقاءات المباشرة .
9- تثقيف الوالدين عن طريق الوسائل الأعلام المرئية والمسموعة لكيفية التعامل مع الأطفال .
10- قيام المرشد التربوي لتوضيح دور الأسرة في التنشئة والابتعاد عن العنف

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 1:

Definition and types of violence and its causes and ways of interventionPreparation/Omar ShahinPsychologistThe definition of violence:-Each behavior is moral or material accompanied by force and harming other negative social scourge would lead to negative results.Types of violence:-Physical violence – Capricorn – hit and killed deliberately and use deadly weapons and tools etc and beaten in order to exact revenge and destruction of private and public property.* Moral violence (verbal):-And be signed by the dignity of the individual to prevent an individual from exercising the natural right to deny him expressing his ideas freely or forced to embrace the ideas of others by force or be deprived of the essentials of life.And forms:-1. verbal/pejorative terms used and degraded2. neglect is failure to meet the wishes of the child essential for a sustained period of time.Causes of violence:-I.-the gross analogy being made in different environments in family and society and of associated manifestations:A. domestic violence:-1. is child neglect grave by his parents.2. distinction between males and females in treatment3. the loss of a parent.4. Big Brothers assault on youngB-school violence:-Sometimes school is experiencing behaviour involving abuse and feedback:-1. punish the student neglect and arrest and detention2. the students sense of discrimination by some teachers3. students cursing words vulgarC – knit working to influence the media, the media impact on viewers as an example:-1. watching horror movies.2. see photos of protesters beating and torture.Second: economic factor and its manifestations:.1. the student's feeling of hunger and the inability to buy what it needs.2. poor housing conditions such as housing in the overcrowded camps.3. the student did not get issued daily.4. If the pressure and suffering experienced by the teachers.III. the political situation:-Make several models of Palestinian violence towards the children of soldiers and replacement:-1. the repressive practices against children during the intifada.2. the demolition of houses and uprooting trees in front of the students.3. Israeli soldiers raids of homes and beating students.4. a large number of young people and children to die at the hands of Israeli soldiers. Fourth: psychological factors including:-1. changes and disturbances that occur during growth.2. failure to satisfy the wishes of children (games, comfort, reassurance and calm)3. mockery of students student because of his condition.4. lack of understanding of certain stage features guru.Tips and guidelines to the extent of the phenomenon of violence:-1. the departure of family members of violent practices and especially hit children.2. parents ' keen not to show children what their disagreement.3. take reasonable alternatives to corporal punishment (deprivation of something)4. necessity of alienating parents about drug use.5. walk on the Islamic religion and its teachings and making fun of others.6. non-broadcast media to horrific and violent films.7. not to use verbal abuse by teachers and students.8. provide a school climate of cordiality and love among students and teachers through activities and events.9. parent education through audio-visual media to how to deal with children.10. the counselor to clarify the role of the family in the socialization process and keep away from violence

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 2:

Violence, definition, types, causes and methods of intervention Setup / Omar Shahin psychologist definition of violence: - is all moral behavior or physical accompanied by power and harm Balokhrien a negative social scourge lead to negative results. Kinds of violence - physical violence - Capricorn - beatings and murders and the use of tools deadly weapons and the like, beatings intention of revenge and vandalism of private and public property. * moral violence (verbal): - and be signed by at the dignity of individuals to prevent an individual from exercising their natural right to deny him from expressing his thoughts freely or forced to convert to the ideas of others by force or deprivation of the basics life. It forms: - 1. verbal violence / and the use of pejorative phrases landed 2. neglect / a failure to meet the wishes of the child's basic continuously from time to time. the causes of violence: - First: - gross analogy as contained being carried out in different environments to the family and end the community It is associated manifestations: (a) domestic violence: - 1. He suffered severe neglect of a child by his parents. 2. The distinction between males and females in the transaction 3. loss of a parent. 4. Big Brothers assault on young b school violence: - Experiencing School sometimes actions involving the abuse and reactions including: - 1. The student punish negligence and eventually stopped and detained 2. sense of student discrimination by some teachers 3. cursing students obscenities c - factor interconnected influence of the media The media have an impact on viewers as an example of that: - 1. watching horror movies. 2. Show pictures of demonstrators with beatings and torture. Second: - The economic factor and manifestations: - 1. the student a sense of hunger and the inability to buy what it needs. 2. The bad housing conditions such as housing in the overcrowded camps. 3. not get student The daily pocket money. 4. Status of pressure and suffering experienced by the teachers. Third: - the political situation - and make the Palestinian reality several models of the violent practices of child direction of replacement soldiers, including: - 1. repressive practices against children during the intifada. 2. demolition of homes, uprooting trees in front of the students. 3. raids Israeli soldiers of houses and beating students. 4 shows a large number of young people and children to die at the hands of Israeli soldiers. Fourth: - psychological factors, including: - 1. changes and disorders that occur during growth. 2. Non satisfy the desires children (games, comfort and reassurance and calm) 3. mockery students student because of his condition. 4. The lack of understanding of the teacher of the advantages of a certain stage of the child. Tips and instructions reduce the phenomenon of violence: - 1. away family members for violent practices, especially hitting children. 2. keenness of parents to not to watch children what is going on, including the dispute. 3. take reasonable alternatives to corporal punishment (Kahramanhm of thing) 4. need to move away parents about drug use. 5. walk on the Islamic religion and his instructions and stay away from making fun of others. 6. Non-broadcast media for movies terrifying and violent. 7. Do not use verbal violence by teachers and students. 8. provide the school an atmosphere of cordiality and love among students and between teachers through activities and direct meetings. 9. parent education by means of visual and audio media on how to deal with children. 10 do Educational Guide to clarify the role of the family in the upbringing and stay away from violence