تعد نظرية الإستجابة للمفردة نموذج ل

تعد نظرية الإستجابة للمفردة نموذج للقياس النفسي في البناء والتقدير، وتهدف إلى تحليل أنواع مختلفة من الاختبارات والمفردات. وتم تقديم هذه النظرية بهدف التغلب على المشاكل المتعلقة بنظرية القياس الكلاسيكية، وقد وضع الأساس النظري لها كل من (Birnbaum, 1968) و(Lord & Novick, 1968) ولأن هذه النظرية أكثر تطوراً فإنها تتقدم بعدة مميزات عن سابقتها الكلاسيكية في تقييم نتائج المقاييس، وتكشف نماذجها عن تقديرات ثابتة للمفردة والسمة الكامنة، كما أن الأخطاء المعيارية مشروطة بمستوى السمة المستهدفة، وترتكز تقديرات هذه السمة على مضمون المفردة، كما تسهم هذه النظرية في تقييم تقدير دالة مميزة للمفردة، وإدراج المفردات وأنماط الاستجابة في مقياس التدريج ذاته، وتقييم مطابقة الفرد، لذا فإن مفاهيم هذه النظرية أكثر تقدما بالمقارنة بنظرية القياس الكلاسيكية. فضلاً عن أنها تمتلك أساس نظري قوي ونماذج توزيع احتمالية لنجاح الأفراد على مستوى المفردة. ولاتجرى تحليلات نماذج نظرية الاستجابة للمفردة على مستوى درجات الاختبار فقط ولكن على مستوى المفردة أيضاً (Fan, 1998).

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 1:

Item response theory is a psychometric model of construction and assessment, and aims to analyze different types of tests and items. This theory was presented with the aim of overcoming the problems related to the classical measurement theory. The theoretical basis for it was laid by (Birnbaum, 1968) and (Lord & Novick, 1968). Because this theory is more developed, it offers several advantages over its classical predecessor in evaluating the results of measurements. Its models reveal consistent estimates for the item and the latent trait, and standard errors are conditional on the level of the target trait, and estimates of this trait are based on the content of the item. This theory also contributes to evaluating the estimation of a distinct function for the item, including vocabulary and response patterns in the same grading scale, and evaluating the individual’s conformity. So the concepts of this theory are more advanced compared to classical measurement theory. In addition, it has a strong theoretical basis and probability distribution models for the success of individuals at the individual level. Analyzes of item response theory models are not only conducted at the level of test scores, but also at the item level (Fan, 1998).

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 2:

Singular response theory is a psychological measurement model used for constructing and estimating, aimed at analyzing different types of tests and singular numbers. The purpose of proposing this theory is to overcome the problems related to classical measurement theory. Birnbaum, 1968, and Lord&Novick, 1968 laid the theoretical foundation for this theory. Due to its more advanced nature, this theory has many advantages compared to classical measurement theory. Evaluating measurement results, the model shows consistent estimates of singular and latent features, with standard errors depending on the level of the target feature. The estimation of this feature is based on singular content, and this theory also helps to evaluate the estimated value. The unique function of singular numbers involves incorporating vocabulary and reaction patterns into the same rating scale and evaluating individual matching, thus making the concept of this theory more advanced compared to classical measurement theory. In addition, it also has a strong theoretical foundation and a personal success probability distribution model. The analysis of singular response theory models is not only conducted at the test score level, but also at the singular level (fan, 1998).

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 3:

This theory was put forward in order to overcome the problems related to the classical measurement theory (Birnbaum,1968) and (Lord&Novick,1968), and because this theory is more developed, it has many characteristics in evaluating the measurement results than its classical precedent. Its model reveals the static estimation of singularity and inherent attributes, and the standard error depends on the level of the target characteristics, and the estimation of this characteristic focuses on a single content.