1996; Flanagin et al., 2000). Our proposed model synthesizes these two ترجمة - 1996; Flanagin et al., 2000). Our proposed model synthesizes these two الكشف التلقائي كيف أقول

1996; Flanagin et al., 2000). Our p

1996; Flanagin et al., 2000). Our proposed model synthesizes these two
approaches, adding a new sub-theory: ‘media constructionism’ – constant
interaction between new and older media is a key factor in the successful or
unsuccessful evolution and specific direction of the new medium.
A second approach underlying our model is ‘Diffusion of Innovation’
(Beal and Bohlen, 1955), ‘the process by which an innovation [new ideas,
opinions, or products] is communicated through certain channels over time
among the members of social system’ (Rogers, 1983: 5; see also Burt, 1987;
Coleman et al., 1966; Granovetter, 1973, 1982; Rogers, 1962; Rogers and
Kincaid, 1981; Ryan and Gross, 1943; Valente, 1999). Our model relates to
how much time it takes to diffuse cumulatively and adopt new media, as
well as how many adopters exist at each stage. Rogers (1962) identified five
types of adopters, the first two being catalytic ‘Change Agents’: innovators
(2.5% on average), early adopters (13.5%), members of the early majority
(34%), members of the late majority (34%), and laggards (16%). The mass
media play a central role in innovation diffusion – especially when the
technology involves a communications medium. Thus, in our model each
specific medium is both the subject of study and an important part of the
objective social environment influencing the new medium’ s development –
once again, ‘media constructionism’.
Merrill and Lowenstein (1971) were the first to delineate a dynamic
model of media development, focusing on audience type: elite–popular–
specialized. First, a social elite adopts the new medium (Shinar, 2001, adds a
prior ‘experimental’ stage, in which a prototype is developed in the
laboratory), then the general public and finally sub-audiences using the
medium in a specialized fashion. Taking a different tack, Shaw’ s three-part
model (1991) uses a human metaphor for media development: youth,
maturity and senior citizenship, stressing the importance of media leaders in
responding creatively to technological advances, at all three stages.
Another historical schema is Caspi’ s (1993) condensed,
2
four-stage media
development:
(1) inauguration – where much public attention is given to the new
medium;
(2) institutionalization – where there is widespread public adoption
and routinization of the new medium;
(3) defensiveness – where the hegemony is threatened by a new
medium; and
(4) adaptation – the modus vivendi between old and new medium.
His schema is itself loosely-based on models taken from the world of
marketing, especially product life-cycle (Hornik, 1985; Kotler, 1986; Kotler
and Hornik, 2000):
0/5000
من: -
إلى: -
النتائج (الكشف التلقائي) 1: [نسخ]
نسخ!
1996; Flanagin et al., 2000). Our proposed model synthesizes these two
approaches, adding a new sub-theory: ‘media constructionism’ – constant
interaction between new and older media is a key factor in the successful or
unsuccessful evolution and specific direction of the new medium.
A second approach underlying our model is ‘Diffusion of Innovation’
(Beal and Bohlen, 1955), ‘the process by which an innovation [new ideas,
opinions, or products] is communicated through certain channels over time
among the members of social system’ (Rogers, 1983: 5; see also Burt, 1987;
Coleman et al., 1966; Granovetter, 1973, 1982; Rogers, 1962; Rogers and
Kincaid, 1981; Ryan and Gross, 1943; Valente, 1999). Our model relates to
how much time it takes to diffuse cumulatively and adopt new media, as
well as how many adopters exist at each stage. Rogers (1962) identified five
types of adopters, the first two being catalytic ‘Change Agents’: innovators
(2.5% on average), early adopters (13.5%), members of the early majority
(34%), members of the late majority (34%), and laggards (16%). The mass
media play a central role in innovation diffusion – especially when the
technology involves a communications medium. Thus, in our model each
specific medium is both the subject of study and an important part of the
objective social environment influencing the new medium’ s development –
once again, ‘media constructionism’.
Merrill and Lowenstein (1971) were the first to delineate a dynamic
model of media development, focusing on audience type: elite–popular–
specialized. First, a social elite adopts the new medium (Shinar, 2001, adds a
prior ‘experimental’ stage, in which a prototype is developed in the
laboratory), then the general public and finally sub-audiences using the
medium in a specialized fashion. Taking a different tack, Shaw’ s three-part
model (1991) uses a human metaphor for media development: youth,
maturity and senior citizenship, stressing the importance of media leaders in
responding creatively to technological advances, at all three stages.
Another historical schema is Caspi’ s (1993) condensed,
2
four-stage media
development:
(1) inauguration – where much public attention is given to the new
medium;
(2) institutionalization – where there is widespread public adoption
and routinization of the new medium;
(3) defensiveness – where the hegemony is threatened by a new
medium; and
(4) adaptation – the modus vivendi between old and new medium.
His schema is itself loosely-based on models taken from the world of
marketing, especially product life-cycle (Hornik, 1985; Kotler, 1986; Kotler
and Hornik, 2000):
يجري ترجمتها، يرجى الانتظار ..
النتائج (الكشف التلقائي) 2:[نسخ]
نسخ!
1996年; Flanagin等人,2000)。我們提出的模型綜合了這兩種
方法,增加了一個新的子學說:“媒介建構” -恆
新老媒體之間的互動是成功還是一個關鍵因素
。在新媒體的成功演變和特異性C方向的
第二種方法基本我們模式是“創新的擴散”
(比爾和波倫,1955年),“由創新[新思路,過程
意見,或產品]傳達直通某些渠道隨著時間的推移
在社會系統中的成員“(羅傑斯,1983年: 5;也見伯特,1987;
科爾曼等人,1966;格蘭諾維特,1973,1982;羅傑斯,1962;羅傑斯和
金凱,1981; Ryan和格羅斯,1943;瓦倫特,1999)。我們的模型涉及
多少時間才能擴散累積並採用新的媒體,如
還有多少採用者在每個階段存在。羅傑斯(1962)Identi網絡版網絡已經
類型採納者,該網絡首先的兩個是催化“變革推動者”:創新
(平均2.5%),早期採用者(13.5%),早期的多數成員
(34%),已故的多數成員(34%),和落後(16%)。大眾
媒體在創新擴散的中心作用-尤其是當
技術涉及通信介質。因此,在我們的模型中的每個
特定網絡C介質是研究雙方的主體和重要組成部分
客觀社會環境FL Uencing這種新媒體的發展-
再一次'。媒體建構“
美林和洛溫斯坦(1971)種源的網絡首先劃定一個充滿活力
的媒體發展模式,圍繞受眾類型:精英Popular-
專業。首先,社會精英,採用這種新媒體(拿地,2001年,增加了一個
前“實驗”階段,其中一個原型是在開發
實驗室),那麼公眾和科幻應受使用子觀眾
在專業時尚媒體。採取了不同的策略,蕭氏三部分組成的
模型(1991)使用人比喻為媒體發展:青春,
成熟和高級公民,強調媒體的領導的重要性
,應對創造性技術進步,在所有三個階段
的另一個歷史架構是卡斯皮的(1993)濃縮,
2
四階段媒體
的發展:
(1)就職-在了公眾的關注是考慮到新的
介質;
(2)制度化-那裡是公眾普遍採用
的新媒體和日常化;
(3)防禦性-在那裡是一個新的威脅霸權
介質; 和
(4)適應-的權宜之計之間的舊的和新的媒介
模式他本身是鬆散的基礎上,從世界採取的模式
銷售,尤其是產品生命週期(Hornik,1985;科特勒,1986;科特勒
和Hornik,2000 ):
يجري ترجمتها، يرجى الانتظار ..
النتائج (الكشف التلقائي) 3:[نسخ]
نسخ!
1996年;flanagin等,2000)。我們提出的模型綜合這兩
approaches,增加一種新的子理論:『媒介constructionism』 -在新和更舊的媒介之間的constant
interaction是在新的媒介的成功或unsuccessful
specific演變和方向的一重要誘因。強調我們的模型的
A其次方法是『創新擴散』
(beal和bohlen, 1955)。『創新的過程[新的想法、
opinions或者產品]通過某一渠道
among隨著時間的推移被傳達社會系統的成員』 (羅傑斯, 1983年:5;參見極乾的服務a, 1987年;
Coleman等, 1966年;granovetter, 1973年1982年;羅傑斯, 1962年;羅傑斯and
kincaid, 1981年;賴安和Gross, 1943年;valente, 1999)。我們的模型關係to
多少時刻它採取累積散開和採取新的媒介,以及多少
adopters存在每個階段。羅傑斯(1962) identifi編輯five
types養父母,是fi的rst兩催化作用的『變動代理』 :innovators
(2.5%平均),早期的早期的majority
(34%)的養父母(13.5%),已故的多數(34%)的成員,成員和遲鈍的人(16%)。mass
-,特別是當the
technology介入一種傳播介質時,媒介在創新擴散扮演一個主角。因此,在我們的式樣each
specific媒介是研究主題和the
objective社會環境的一個重要部分在再uencing新的medium s發展-
會議圓盤的fl的, 『媒介constructionism』。
Lynch和lowenstein (1971)是描述dynamic
的first媒介發展,聚焦的在的觀眾類型模型:
specialized的精華普遍。首先,社會精華採取新的媒介(shinar, 2001年,增加a
prior (試驗實驗Center階段,使用the
medium專業時尚,原型是發展不充分的在被考慮的the
have),然後nally公眾和fi子觀眾。採取一項不同的策略, Shaw s three-part
Model (1991)為媒介發展使用一個人的隱喻:青年,
predominant和資深公民身份,強調媒介領導的重要性in
responding創造性地對假日酒店前進的,在所有三個階段。
another歷史圖解是凝聚的caspi s (1993),
2
four階段media
development :
(1)就職典禮-公眾的關注是全部對new
medium的地方;
(2)制度化。那裡有新的媒介的普遍公開adoption
and routinization;
3)防衛性-霸權由new
medium的地方威脅;and
(4)適應-在老和新的媒介之間的方法vivendi。
his圖解本身寬鬆根據of
marketing從的世界模型,特別是產品的生命週期(hornik, 1985年;kotler, 1986年;kotler
并且hornik,2000) :
يجري ترجمتها، يرجى الانتظار ..
 
لغات أخرى
دعم الترجمة أداة: الآيسلندية, الأذرية, الأردية, الأفريقانية, الألبانية, الألمانية, الأمهرية, الأوديا (الأوريا), الأوزبكية, الأوكرانية, الأويغورية, الأيرلندية, الإسبانية, الإستونية, الإنجليزية, الإندونيسية, الإيطالية, الإيغبو, الارمنية, الاسبرانتو, الاسكتلندية الغالية, الباسكية, الباشتوية, البرتغالية, البلغارية, البنجابية, البنغالية, البورمية, البوسنية, البولندية, البيلاروسية, التاميلية, التايلاندية, التتارية, التركمانية, التركية, التشيكية, التعرّف التلقائي على اللغة, التيلوجو, الجاليكية, الجاوية, الجورجية, الخؤوصا, الخميرية, الدانماركية, الروسية, الرومانية, الزولوية, الساموانية, الساندينيزية, السلوفاكية, السلوفينية, السندية, السنهالية, السواحيلية, السويدية, السيبيوانية, السيسوتو, الشونا, الصربية, الصومالية, الصينية, الطاجيكي, العبرية, العربية, الغوجراتية, الفارسية, الفرنسية, الفريزية, الفلبينية, الفنلندية, الفيتنامية, القطلونية, القيرغيزية, الكازاكي, الكانادا, الكردية, الكرواتية, الكشف التلقائي, الكورسيكي, الكورية, الكينيارواندية, اللاتفية, اللاتينية, اللاوو, اللغة الكريولية الهايتية, اللوكسمبورغية, الليتوانية, المالايالامية, المالطيّة, الماورية, المدغشقرية, المقدونية, الملايو, المنغولية, المهراتية, النرويجية, النيبالية, الهمونجية, الهندية, الهنغارية, الهوسا, الهولندية, الويلزية, اليورباية, اليونانية, الييدية, تشيتشوا, كلينجون, لغة هاواي, ياباني, لغة الترجمة.

Copyright ©2024 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: