تعد قلعة قايتباي من أهم الآثار المو

تعد قلعة قايتباي من أهم الآثار الموجودة في مدينة الإسكندرية- عروس البحر الأبيض المتوسط الواقعة في منطقة قريبة من أهم مزارات الإسكندرية ووسط المدينة، فهي تقع على مسافة قصيرة من مكتبة الإسكندرية من ناحية ومسجد المرسي أبي العباس والمساجد الشهيرة المجاورة له من ناحية أخرى، وتقع في نهاية لسان على الأرض يمتد غربي ميناء الإسكندرية الشرقي فوق الجزيرة التي أقام فوقها بطليموس الثاني المنار أو الفنار القديم الذي بناه في الاحتفال بذكرى والديه العام 279 قبل الميلاد، وكان يُعد من إحدى عجائب الدنيا السبع القديمة.
أنشأ القلعة السلطان الملك الأشرف أبو النصر سيف الدين قايتباي الظاهري العام 882هـ (1477م )وهو أحد المماليك الشراكسة.
كما جاء وصف قلعة قايتباي في كتاب «وصف مصر» الذي أعده علماء الحملة الفرنسية التي صاحبت غزو نابليون لمصر العام 1798 وجاء فيه:
وصفت قلعة قايتباي باسم «حصن الفنار»، وقالوا: «إنها عبارة عن سور محصن تحصينًا حديثًا يضم برجًا مربع الشكل توقد فيه النار ليلاً وقد شاهدنا في الحجرات شديدة الارتفاع من هذا الحصن أكوامًا من السيوف والأسلحة التي بليت تمامًا، بفعل الصدأ، التي جعلتنا أشكالها والعلامات التي تحملها ندرك أنها تعود إلى الصليبيين وبلا جدال تعود إلى حملة لويس التاسع البائسة».
اعتنى سلاطين مصر بالقلعة.. وأضاف إليها السلطان قانصوه الغوري بعض الأسوار الخارجية من الناحية الشمالية وأحدث بها بعض الفتحات التي تعرف باسم المكاحل لإطلاق البارود على العدو عند محاولة الغزو من جهة البحر، كما زاد من قوة الحامية وزودها بالسلاح والعتاد.
وصف القلعة
الباب الرئيس للقلعة يؤدي إلى فناء كبير ويبدأ الفناء عند اليمين واليسار بحجرات إدارية للاستقبال والإدارة وينتهي إلى مبنى البرج الرئيس وعن يساره مدرجات تتجه نحو البحر.
يبلغ ارتفاع البرج الرئيس للقلعة والذي يقع في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي منها 17 مترًا وعرضه 30 مترًا ويتألف البرج من ثلاثة طوابق.
واجهة البرج بها أعمدة غرانيتية لتدعيم وتخفيف الأحمال على الأجزاء السفلية من القلعة للحفاظ عليها.. وفي مدخل البرج الرئيس دركاه، عبارة عن مصطبة كانت تستخدم لجلوس الجنود، وعن يمين ويسار الدركاه حانية أو داخلة صغيرة تستخدم لتخزين أسلحة الجنود.. وإذا نظرنا إلى أعلى نجد فتحات تضم عتباً فوق البوابة الرئيسة و«شخشيخة» والعتب والشخشيخة كانت مفتوحة كأسلوب للدفاع ففي حال اقتحام العدو للقلعة يتحصن الجنود بالطابق الثاني ويصبون من فتحات العتب والشخشيخة الزيت المغلي على رؤوس الأعداء..
يضم الطابق الأول (الأرضي) مسجداً على طراز مساجد أواخر عصر الدولة الأيوبية بالتخطيط المتقاطع المتعامد ونقطة ارتكاز المسجد الصحن وهو مسقوف ويطلق عليه دركاه وبالمسجد أربعة إيوانات مثل مساجد العصر المملوكي وأرضية المسجد من الرخام الصغير وهو رخام أصلي يرجع إلى عصر بناء القلعة سنة 1480 أي القرن 15.
ضريح رمزي
يوجد بالمسجد إيوان القبلة المخصص لوقوف الإمام، ويوجد محراب يسبقه عامودان من الرخام، والطريف أنه لم يراع فيه اتجاه القبلة فلم يقم فيه الصلاة حتى طالبوا بتعديله.. وفي المسجد حجرة ملحقة لجلوس الإمام أو الخطيب. والعجيب أن في هذه الغرفة ضريحاً قيل إنه عبارة عن ضريح رمزي إذ لم يعثروا فيه على رفات موتى وقيل إنه أِعد لجندي مجهول اتُّهم في سرقة الأسلحة وتم إعدامه ثم اكتُشف أنه بريء فأقاموا له هذا الضريح الرمزي وغيرها من الحكايات.
في الدور الأرضي حجرات كثيرة وممرات يقال إنها كانت تستخدم لتخزين الأسلحة وكأسلوب تمويهي للدفاع عن القلعة.
يربط الطابق الأرضي بالطابق الثاني سلم يلاحظ فيه حجم الدرجات الكبير والضخم، وكان الطابق الثاني يستخدم كمتحف إذ يُوجد به بعض أجزاء السفن المستخدمة في موقعة أبي قير البحرية بين الفرنسيين والإنجليز العام 1798 وبعض ملابس الجنود والأسلحة التي ترجع للعصر المملوكي وتم نقل هذه المنقولات إلى المتحف البحري في منطقة استانلي في الإسكندرية.
اما الطابق الثالث فيتكون من مجموعة من الغرف وفي كل منها «مزاغل» عبارة عن فتحة بالحائط تتسع من الداخل إذ يستطيع الجندي أن يقف بداخلها ليصوب على العدو القادم من البحر بينما يصعب على العدو التصويب عليه لأن حجمها صغير من الخارج فضلاً عن أن ارتفاعها من ناحية الجندي يعلو العدو القادم ويضاف إلى ذلك ميزة أخرى بإمكانية اختفاء الجندي بعد التصويب.
في نهاية ممرات هذا الدور مقعد للسلطان بفتحات ضخمة ويوجد بالمقعد برج للمراقبة مجهز لإقامة السلطان ليوم أو ليومين وقد استخدمه الملك فاروق كاستراحة لفترة من الفترات.
في هذا الدور أيضًا مكان لطحن الغلال ومخبز كما يوجد بالقلعة صهاريج للمياه وتخزينها وفتحات لوصول المياه من ترعة كانت موجودة زمن إنشاء القلعة وكان اسمها ترعة شيديا كما يوجد مجموعة من الممرات والحجرات كانت تستخدم لتخزين الأسلحة وحجرة للإعدام.
كما توجد أماكن للجلوس في فناء القلعة ويهوى الزائرون الجلوس أعلى مدرجات القلعة والصعود أعلى القلعة لالتقاط الصور التذكارية وبالقرب من القلعة مراكب صغيرة للنزهة.. كما يوجد في مواجهة القلعة نادٍ ومتحف للأسماك البحرية يضم أسماكاً ملونة وأنواعاً نادرة للأسماك والسلاحف والمحار والقواقع وغيرها معروضة في المتحف بشكل بديع.

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 1:

Citadel of qaitbay is one of the most important monuments in the city of Alexandria-bride of the Mediterranean Sea located near major attractions and downtown Alexandria, is located a short distance from the library of Alexandria and Marsa Abu Abbas mosque, mosques famous neighbours on the other hand, located at the end of the tongue of land extends west of the Eastern port of Alexandria over the island that stayed above Ptolemy II Manar or old Lighthouse built in his parents ' anniversary year 279 BC, he was One of the ancient seven wonders of the world.The Sultan's Castle established King al-Ashraf ABOUL-NASR ad-Din qaitbay public virtual 882 (1477 m) is a Circassian Mamluk.As described in the book of qaitbay «description of Egypt» prepared by scholars of the French campaign that accompanied Napoleon's invasion of Egypt year 1798 and says:Branded qaitbay Fort «lighthouse», said: «it is a fortified wall newly immunized featuring square towers which spark fire at night we watched in closets too high from this Fort Hills of swords and weapons that Blitt, did rust, which made us their forms and tags that we realize it belonged to Crusaders and unquestionably belonged to Louis IX wretched campaign».Take care of the sultans of Egypt in the Castle. And added Sultan kanso ghawri some fences from the North and the latest of some openings known as the eye pencil to launch gunpowder on the enemy when attempting an invasion from the sea, and increased the strength of the garrison and provided them with weapons and gear.Description of the CastleDoor of the Castle leads to a large patio and yard begins when the right and left of the administrative management and reception rooms and ends up in the tower building President and his left stands towards the sea.Tall tower, President of the castle which is located in the northeastern part of 17 meters and width of 30 metres and consists of a three-story tower.Its granite podium columns Tower interface to support and relieve the loads on the lower parts of the castle for safekeeping. At the entrance to the Tower Chief derkah, a deck was used for the soldiers, sitting on the right and left of the vestibule is nurturing small or inside used to store weapons of soldiers. If we look up, we find slots include atba above gate President and «walshkhshikhh» ticklers and frets were open as a method of Defense if storming enemy soldiers are holed up on the second floor Castle and pouring boiling oil walshkhshikhh architrave slots on the heads of enemies.Featuring first floor (ground floor)-mosque mosques late Ayyubid dynasty perpendicular intersecting planning and Fulcrum mosque saucer and is roofed and call it derkah and mosque four mansions such as the Mamluk era mosques and small marble mosque ground is an original marble due to age of castle building year 1480 any 15th century.Symbolic shrineQibla Iwan mosque has allotted parking spaces, there are niche preceded by two columns of marble, and it was funny when it did, the Qibla of prayer even demanded modification. In the sitting room attached to the mosque Imam or preacher. And amazingly enough in this room a shrine said to a symbolic Tomb as found on the UNC and reportedly prepared for an unknown soldier accused of stealing weapons and was executed and then discover he is innocent, they set up this symbolic shrine and other tidbits.On the ground floor are many rooms and corridors is said to have been used to store weapons and as a decoy technique to defend the Castle.Connects the ground floor to the second floor where the notes handed big ratings and size, and the second floor was used as a museum ship used in some parts of the site between the French Navy abukir and the English year 1798 and some clothes for soldiers and weapons dating to Mamluk era and move these portables to the Maritime Museum in the Stanley area in Alexandria.The third floor consists of a suite of rooms in each «firing bays» slot into the wall extends from inside the soldier can stand in it for whoever's the next enemy of the sea while difficult for the enemy to shoot him for that small size from abroad as well as to rise above the next enemy soldier hand in addition another feature possibility soldier disappeared after correction.At the end of the corridors of this role for the Sultan of huge holes and seat observation tower equipped to establish the Sultan for a day or two days and was used by King Farouk as a break for a while.In this role, also a place to grind grain and bakery are the Castle water tanks and storage slots for the arrival of water from the Canal existed long ago created the castle was named Canal corridors group is also chiedea closets were used to store weapons and the death room.There are also places to sit in the courtyard of the Castle and loves visitors sit top strips Castle and climb up the castle to take pictures near the Castle a small boats for a picnic. There is also facing the Castle Club and Museum of marine fish featuring colorful and rare species of fish, turtles, shellfish, snails and other displayed in Museum nicely.

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 2:

The Bey Citadel of the most important monuments in the city of Alexandria , the bride of the Mediterranean Sea , located in the vicinity of the most important shrines of Alexandria and the city center, it is located a short walk from the Library of Alexandria on the one hand and the Mosque of Mursi Abu Abbas famous neighboring mosques on the other hand, it lies in the end of the tongue on the ground west of Alexandria Port extends over the island , which stayed above the old second - Manar Ptolemy or lighthouse , which was built in commemoration of his parents the year 279 BC, and was one of the one of the wonders of the seven ancient world.
established the fortress of Sultan Malik al - Ashraf Abu al- Nasr Sayf al- Din Bey General virtual 882 AH (1477 AD), one of the Mamluks Circassians. He
also described Bey Citadel According to the book «Description of Egypt» prepared by the French campaign that accompanied Napoleon 's invasion of Egypt in 1798 scientists and said:
described Bey as the Castle «Fort Fanar» and said: «It a fortified wall of a newly fortified houses tower square shape ignite the fire at night we have seen in the very high from this fort closets piles of swords and weapons that worn off completely, due to rust, which made us forms and labels carried recognize as belonging to the Crusaders and decidedly back to campaign Louis IX miserable ».
took care of the sultans of Egypt castle .. He said the Sultan Qansouh Ghouri some of the outer walls of the north side and the latest by some of the holes , known as Almkahal to launch gunpowder on the enemy when trying to invasion from the sea, and increased the garrison force and provided them with weapons and gear.
Description castle front
door of the castle leads to a large patio and starts the courtyard when the right and left administrative cabins reception, management and end to the tower building of the president and on his left stands heading towards the sea.
the height of the tower of the castle President, which is located in the northeastern part of it 17 meters long and 30 meters wide and consists tower three floors.
the facade tower with columns of granite to strengthen and ease the load on the lower parts of the castle to keep them .. at the entrance to the tower President vestibule, a bench was used to sit soldiers, and on the right and left Aldrickah caring or small included are used to store weapons soldiers .. If we look to the top , we find openings include censure over the main gate and «Sistrum» and lintel and sistrum was open as a way to defend In the case of storm the enemy castle holed soldiers on the second floor and pouring of lintel slots and rattle boiling oil on enemies heads ..
featuring the first floor (ground) mosque on mosques model the end of the era of the Ayyubid planning cross perpendicular to the fulcrum of the mosque courtyard , a roofed and called the vestibule and the mosque four iwans such as mosques Mamluk era and the floor of the mosque of the small marble , a native of marble dating to the era of building the castle in 1480 any century 15.
symbolic mausoleum
There mosque Ewan allocated for parking direction Imam, and there is a niche preceded Aamodan marble Interestingly he did not take into account the direction in which direction did not even have a prayer demanded amended .. In the mosque attached to the room to sit or Imam al - Khatib. The irony is that in this room a shrine said to have been a symbolic shrine as they did not find the remains of the dead and was said to have been prepared for an anonymous soldier accused in the theft of weapons was executed and then discovered that he was innocent They built him this symbolic mausoleum and other tidbits.
On the ground floor of many rooms and corridors are said it was used to store weapons and as a way Tmuehi to defend the castle.
connects the ground floor on the second floor staircase notes the sheer size and huge scores, and it was the second floor is used as a museum as it has a few ships used parts at the battle of Abu Qir marine among the French public and the British in 1798 and some clothes soldiers and weapons dating from the Mamluk period was the transfer of these portables to the Maritime Museum in the Stanley area in Alexandria.
the third floor consists of a range of rooms and each of them «Mzagl» a slot wall can accommodate from the inside as soldiers can stand inside of aiming for the next enemy from the sea while it is difficult for the enemy shooting him because the small size of the outside as well as the height of the hand , the soldier above the next enemy Furthermore, another feature the possibility of the soldier 's disappearance after the correction.
at the end of corridors this role , the seat of the Sultan huge holes and no seat control tower is equipped to establish the Sultan for a day or for two days of King Farouk Castrahh has used it for a time.
in this role is also a place to grind grain and bakery There is also the citadel water tanks and store openings for the arrival of water from the canal have been around the time of the establishment of the castle and it was called the canal Chedia There is also a set of corridors and rooms were used to store weapons and the chamber of execution .
There are also places to sit in the courtyard of the castle and loves visitors sit higher strips castle and climb top of the castle for photo ops and near the castle a small boat for a walk .. There are also in the face of the castle club and the Museum of marine fish featuring colorful fish and species rare fish, turtles, clams, snails and other exhibited in the museum in Badie.